Microporation is a minimally invasive technique that creates microscopic channels in biological membranes through thermal, mechanical, or electrical methods, enabling enhanced molecular transport across cellular barriers. The process generates temporary pores ranging from 10 to 150 micrometers in diameter without causing permanent structural damage to surrounding tissues.
The technology employs precise energy delivery systems, including radiofrequency ablation, microneedle arrays, or laser-induced thermal disruption. These methods create controlled microperforations in the stratum corneum, facilitating transdermal drug delivery and bioactive compound absorption. The micropores remain patent for 48-72 hours before natural healing processes restore barrier integrity.
Applications span pharmaceutical delivery, cosmetic treatments, and diagnostic sampling. Advanced microporation systems incorporate smart materials and biosensors for real-time monitoring of pore formation and healing. The technique achieves significantly higher drug permeation rates compared to passive diffusion, with bioavailability improvements reaching 400% for specific compounds.
